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 Here’s a list of notable female philosophers across history and various traditions:

Ancient & Medieval

  • Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 360–415 CE) – Neoplatonist philosopher and mathematician.
  • Ban Zhao (c. 45–116 CE) – Chinese historian and Confucian scholar.
  • Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179) – Medieval Christian mystic and natural philosopher.
  • Christine de Pizan (1364–c. 1430) – Early feminist philosopher and author of The Book of the City of Ladies.

Early Modern (15th–18th Century)

  • Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673) – Early advocate of natural philosophy and materialism.
  • Anne Conway (1631–1679) – Metaphysician who influenced Leibniz with her monist philosophy.
  • Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749) – Mathematician and philosopher, known for her translation of Newton’s Principia.
  • Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797) – Early feminist thinker, author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

19th Century

  • Harriet Martineau (1802–1876) – Sociologist and philosopher advocating for women’s rights.
  • George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) (1819–1880) – Novelist and moral philosopher.
  • Franziska Tiburtius (1843–1927) – Medical ethicist and women’s rights advocate.
  • Hedwig Dohm (1831–1919) – Early existentialist and feminist philosopher.

20th Century

  • Hannah Arendt (1906–1975) – Political philosopher, known for The Origins of Totalitarianism.
  • Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986) – Existentialist and feminist theorist, author of The Second Sex.
  • Ayn Rand (1905–1982) – Creator of Objectivism, author of Atlas Shrugged.
  • Elizabeth Anscombe (1919–2001) – Analytical philosopher and student of Wittgenstein.
  • Iris Murdoch (1919–1999) – Philosopher and novelist focusing on ethics and moral psychology.
  • Angela Davis (b. 1944) – Philosopher, political activist, and critical theorist.
  • Judith Butler (b. 1956) – Gender theorist, known for Gender Trouble.
  • Martha Nussbaum (b. 1947) – Philosopher of ethics and political philosophy, known for the capabilities approach.

Would you like recommendations based on a specific philosophical theme?

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